Crisis Management And Competitive Adaptation In Sustainable Forestry And Wood Products – Biodiversity of the Cocoa Agroforests of the Bengamisa-Yangambi Forest Landscape in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)

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Crisis Management And Competitive Adaptation In Sustainable Forestry And Wood Products

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The Resource Based Theory Of Competitive Advantage: Implications For Strategy Formulation

By James L. Chamberlain James L. Chamberlain Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1, * , Dietrich Darr Dietrich Darr Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 2 and Kathrin Meinhold Kathrin Meinhold Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 2

Received: 7 August 2020 / Revised: 2 October 2020 / Accepted: 12 October 2020 / Published: 16 October 2020

The importance of forests to protect agriculture by improving ecosystem services such as clean water, soil conservation and climate control has been well documented, but the contribution of forests and s -trees to provide nutritious food for a growing population has not been fully realized. he realized. Plants, mushrooms, and animals harvested from the forests provided long-term benefits—food, health, money, and culture. Worldwide, the main product of “forest management” has been the industrial production of timber. Finding food in the forest was not an afterthought, but a marginal activity that rarely appeared in government statistics. For many people, forests ensure enough food and essential nutrients. For others, hunting in the forest for food offers cultural, recreational and diversity benefits. Increasingly, these products are considered by consumers to be more “natural” and healthier than food from agriculture. Wild and wild products are increasingly being used as ingredients in multi-billion dollar industries due to the growth of “natural” foods. Consumers are showing increasing interest in forest food gathering that involves ecological methods and new practices related to culture and the environment. Furthermore, promoting the call for “re-engineering” agriculture provides an opportunity to expand the role of forests in food production; reestablishing food systems by integrating forests and trees. We use examples of different plants, such as the baobab, to explore the ways in which forests and trees provide sufficient food and health and to illustrate aspects of the process of promoting forest interactions and trees. Forests and trees provide modern opportunities and technical and operational challenges to develop food systems and the transition to a bioeconomy. These changes are essential to meet the growing demand for safe and nutritious food, and to protect biodiversity.

The Big Push For Transformation Through Climate And Development

The global demand for food is expected to triple by 2050 [1]. According to some estimates, food production should increase by more than 70 percent over the next 40 years [2]. Providing food for the growing world population will increase the number of agricultural systems and soils. With major challenges to increase the productivity of major agricultural crops in the future [3, 4], the pressure to convert natural and forest areas to agricultural production will increase [5], a practice that has caused damage significant. of any kind. The conventional way of obtaining enough food has led to the loss of forests that directly or indirectly support the food needs of hundreds of millions of people, especially in underdeveloped countries. Therefore, one of the biggest challenges of the 21st century is to increase food production so that there is enough food, without reducing the forests, or natural species, and at the same time not only feed but also feed the people [6].

More than a billion people worldwide depend on forests and trees for their livelihoods, and wild foods for food [7, 8]. Rural people living near forests get a variety of food from forests [9], which is very important for poor people [10, 11, 12]. At the same time, wild foods are important in the diets of vulnerable and high-income urban populations in many parts of the world [13, 14, 15, 16, 17].

According to the World Committee on Food Security’s high-level expert panel on food and nutrition security [18], forests contribute to food and nutrition security in various ways. Direct food supply from forests may represent only one part of the world’s food supply, but contributing to a healthy and diverse diet is critical to family health and well-being. Wild foods, especially fruits and vegetables are rich in nutrients that poor people often have [19]. In 1997, about 390 million tons of food were produced from trees in developing countries [8]. On average, more than 258 tons of forest foods are estimated to be harvested in the United States [20] each year. A recent study of families in Europe that collect wild food found that around 60 kg per year, with an average of 20 kg [21].

Commission Approves €742 Million Czech State Aid Scheme To Support Sustainable Forest Management

Forests provide energy to prepare agricultural and forest foods for consumption. Generally, wood fuel contributes about 6 percent of all primary energy, however in some parts of Africa, wood fuels contribute more than 25 percent of electricity [18]. In addition to the use of wood for domestic production, its sale and conversion into charcoal for the supply of rural areas provides employment and income opportunities in many rural areas [22]. In many developing countries, coal is the main source of energy for rural households [23]. At the same time, the lack of firewood can harm food security and family health, as solutions to family problems include selling or bartering the food for firewood, the use of cheap firewood such as manure, or the reduction of the amount of firewood used work and wood. low food consumption, poor cooking, or insufficient hot water to maintain firewood [24]. Although the effects of wood harvesting in forests vary greatly from situation to situation, evidence shows that the yield can exceed the sustainable level [25, 26]. Such negative environmental impacts are partly affected by the unsustainable and unregulated wood fuel sector and wood value chains with strong management and control mechanisms [27].

According to the FAO [6], the sale of forest food—and other forest products such as firewood—accounts for about 20 percent of rural household income in developing countries. The official forest sector employs more than 13 million people, providing income that enables the purchase of food and other necessities [18]. Total revenue from non-timber forest product production (a subset of non-timber forest products (NTFP)) is estimated at more than 88 billion USD, although estimates are generally accepted that they are less than reality [28] (p. 25). ). Animal products (eg bushmeat, game) generate another USD 10.5 billion, and medicinal collections and herbs around USD 700 million [28]. Estimates of people working in the forest sector do not include the countless numbers of people around the world who work in the economy, gather to eat, or barter and trade without documents. According to some estimates, more than 300 million people obtain part of their annual livelihood and food from forests [8]. In some cases, food harvested from the forest can reduce a family’s food budget by up to 60 percent [29].

Forests provide many products and services that are used by people everywhere, or that are used to support their needs. Many types of forest plants, mushrooms, and animals are cut down to obtain food, medicine, and other important and luxurious items. Although the stories of the role that forests play in human nutrition and food security through food supply, energy, and access to income as we have shown are incorrect, we we argue that they tend to ignore the most important and important aspects – especially due to the instability of the markets. and the consumption of forest products which are not known in government statistics worldwide. Forests can contribute to the food system in rural areas and around the world in many other ways, as we show in the next section. Although the situation is improving [30], there is still much that can be done. Recognizing these contributions is important to fully quantify and realize the potential of forests for sustainable human food.

Earth Day 2022

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