Internet Governance Challenges In The Context Of Emerging Quantum Computing – For the digital society, is multilateralism part of the solution or part of the problem? This article shows how the Internet’s dominant trends are increasingly fragmented and power imbalances. Multilateralism will not be part of the solution without deep reforms

“Technology is increasing rapidly, and we, the global system of the digital age, are not prepared and we need to catch up […] Systems for controlling digital technology are outdated, fragmented and redundant. The longer we wait to update these systems, the further behind we will be .”

Internet Governance Challenges In The Context Of Emerging Quantum Computing

This opinion of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) Antonio Guterres from June 10, 2019 has caused great concern among scholars and policy makers: Is multilateral cooperation part of the solution for the digital society? As the United Nations prepares to celebrate its 75th anniversary, technology governance has raised questions about its role in global governance. Low levels of trust in global educational institutions have focused on technology’s ability to solve social problems, whether through virtual currencies or artificial intelligence (AI) systems, powered by deep learning, neural networks and big data. The main and most controversial issue in the current debate is the role of government in formulating and implementing (new) regulations, either as a catalyst for digital policy or as part of a wider government coalition.

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Stocks have risen sharply for the Internet, which now counts 4 billion users worldwide. As a privately managed network of networks, it has enabled trillions of applications in fields as diverse as educational development, commercial transactions and military research. Changes in the infrastructure and underlying technologies of the Internet have contributed to the strengthening of the independence agenda at the expense of international cooperation. The ideal of an open, free, and secure global Internet is threatened by technological advances, new business models, and advanced surveillance tools and weapons. This trend is increasingly reflected in the AI regime, with superpowers such as the US, China and Russia tending to seek strong competitive advantages rather than working together.

The tension between intergovernmental and private governance systems on the one hand and more innovative multi-stakeholder processes on the other is at the core of existing and emerging technology governance. The unprecedented growth of technology companies under public scrutiny has changed the perception Online services operating under multiple jurisdictions challenge traditional norms The concentration of power in the hands of a few US and Chinese companies has made the decentralized Internet a dream of the past. While the concentration of power in the hands of a few US and Chinese companies has made the decentralized internet a dream of the past, data-driven business models show that once information is harvested, it can be manipulated, manipulated, and limitless. Harassment The Cambridge Analytica scandal is a case that is considered a direct threat to the electoral system and the democratic process. More recently, the national AI strategies of nearly a dozen countries have also seen a move toward a more liberal agenda. Although the general participation of civil society in international policy-making has expanded, it remains largely confined to international forums with “binding consequences” such as the UN-led Internet Governance Forum.

At the same time, over the past decade, strong national approaches have emerged to limit access to the global Internet, including large-scale blockades (China, Russia or Iran) and targeted network shutdowns (Africa, Asia and South America). Digital sensors are proliferating all over the world. Directed by states and enforced by private regulators, content regulation opens up new ways to protect the internet through automation and machine learning tools, strengthening the role of a small number of technologists. As a result, private agreements, informal forums and “clubs” (such as the G7 or G20) have created the preferred venue for discussing global Internet governance, with higher levels taking precedence over international, more inclusive initiatives ( such as the Council of Europe). ) Accountability

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Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev visits the offices of MailTru Group, one of Russia’s leading Internet companies, in Moscow, Russia on March 29, 2019.

Alternative ways to make timely decisions are always sought, through benchmarking or peripheral strategies. In order to make the Internet less vulnerable, the technical community has created the Text Transfer Protocol Security (HTTPS), which allows authentication, encryption and protection of data exchange and integrity during transport. Introduced in 2016 and rapidly gaining traction in various browsers, the protocol provides technical solutions to specific vulnerabilities but does not end the debate about internet security and mass surveillance. After failing to establish a multilateral agreement – amid fears of lost revenue due to digitization – the 2017 international negotiations on new e-commerce rules provide another example of a successful circular strategy in internet governance.

In this context, can international cooperation bring about change? The international regime for establishing boundary regulations dates back to 1865, when the International Telegraph Union, the forerunner of the International Telecommunication Union, was established to create legitimacy and common standards for international regulation. States have come together in many forums to find ways to coordinate their approaches to Internet-related public policy. Despite some notable achievements at the regional level—the 2018 EU General Data Protection Regulation—intergovernmental negotiations have failed to produce the desired results. Development has stalled in 2017 where no agreement could be reached, following the 5th debate of the United Nations Governmental Experts (GGE) on development in the field of information and communication, attended by 25 member countries of the United Nations. International law – particularly how the principles of self-defense, neutrality and proportionality – apply in cyberspace. Following this UN GGE, two new processes towards strengthening security in cyberspace were launched in 2019: another sub-membership UN GGE “Promoting Cyber Accountability in the Context of International Security” and the Open End Working Group of which Members All of the UN. -countries and other stakeholders can participate. What is surprising is that the “era of international interdependence” is characterized by a high level of mistrust in international politics. The latter is, at least in part, a response to the pressing need for open and inclusive discussion in a non-controversial, national context. It is also an indication that reforms are needed in international initiatives that require broad participation, especially from the Global South, such as other UN GGE negotiations on the control of dangerous autonomous weapons systems.

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Ironically, the “age of digital interdependence”—to use a phrase coined by the United Nations High-Level Panel on Digital Cooperation—is characterized by a high level of mistrust in international politics. In the face of trade wars and increasing political instability, global technology dominance is generally a test of the stability of our world order. Cross-border laws and standards for data protection, privacy, security, surveillance and digital flows are gradually emerging as a result of government-led processes, but the international arena remains highly fragmented and power imbalances exist between developed and developing countries. ongoing. Despite the number of actors able to participate in the international debate, the prominence of some influential states and a few large private technology companies has not changed. For the future governance of AI to be diverse, reforms that place the public interest at the core of collective action are essential.

The United Nations has an important role to play in this transformation by improving multilateral cooperation and bridging policy silos. Innovative forums such as the Internet Governance Forum have paved the way for multi-stakeholder dialogue that can be developed to establish binding laws and action plans. Fragmentation is deeply damaging to digital policy and cannot be left to governments or civil society.

Inside the map, based on data from the War Relations Project, “National Organizations (v3)” (for FIGO) and Olivier Westerwinter, “International Private Governance in World Politics: Establishing a New Database” and its resources electronic extras.

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Source: Olivier Westerwinter, “Online Supplement to Private and Private International Governance in World Politics: Introducing a New Database”, 30 July 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-019-09366-w.

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Cybercrime – carried out using techniques such as stealing access credentials and infecting systems with malware, ransomware and identity theft – puts data, processes, systems and customers at risk. Worse, cybercriminals can exploit the incident to trigger a breach and reduce their victim’s stock. Cyber security is more important to companies and individuals The National Institute of Standards and Technology defines cyber security as “preventing and recovering from damage to computer, electronic communications.”

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