Quantum Encryption For The Protection Of Sensitive Legal Documents And Contracts – Effect of a one-step solid-state reaction process on the O4 semiconductor behavior of spinel (NI, Co and Mn) used as a temperature sensor

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Quantum Encryption For The Protection Of Sensitive Legal Documents And Contracts

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Quantum Ambitions: Positioning France At The Cutting Edge Of Technology

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Ibm Quantum Computing

By Sana Farooq Sana Farooq Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1 , Ayesha Altaf Ayesha Altaf Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1, * , Faiza Iqbal Faiza Iqbal Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1 , Ernesto Bautista Thompson Scilit Google Scholar S. Ernestosp. Scholar 2, 3, 4 , Deborah Libertad Ramirez Vargas Deborah Libertad Ramirez Vargas Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 2, 3, 5 , Isabel de la Torre Diez Isabel de la Torre Diez Scilit Preprints.org Google Imran Ascholarflit Preprints.org Google Scholar 7 , *

Department of Signal Theory, Media Engineering and Telecommunications, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belen, 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain

Received: 7 May 2023 / Revised: 3 June 2023 / Accepted: 4 June 2023 / Published: 6 June 2023

Nist Picks 4 ‘quantum Resistant’ Encryption Algorithms To Protect Us Data

(This article covers specific secure computing, cryptography, and privacy-preserving architectures for wireless sensor networks and communications)

Recent developments in quantum computing have shed light on the shortcomings of traditional public cryptographic systems. Although Shor’s algorithm cannot yet be implemented on a quantum computer, this suggests that asymmetric key encryption may not be practical or secure in the near future. To address this security concern, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) began searching for a post-quantum encryption algorithm that could withstand future developments in quantum computers. Currently, the focus is on standardizing asymmetric cryptography, which is impenetrable to quantum computers. This has become increasingly important in recent years. Currently, the process of standardizing asymmetric cryptography is gradually being completed. This study evaluated the performance of two post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms, both of which were selected as NIST Round Four finalists. The study evaluated basic fabrication, packaging, and decoding operations, providing insight into their efficiency and suitability for real-life applications. Further research and standardization efforts are needed to ensure secure and efficient post-quantum encryption. Factors such as security level, performance requirements, key size, and platform compatibility need to be considered when choosing the appropriate post-quantum encryption algorithm for specific applications. This article provides useful insight for researchers and practitioners of post-quantum cryptography to support the decision-making process of selecting appropriate algorithms to protect confidential information in time. quantum computing.

Cryptography is a method of protecting data from unauthorized users by establishing a secure communication channel between two parties. This technique was developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Encryption and decryption are two processes in cryptography performed by the sender and receiver. The process of converting unencrypted data into an encrypted format called “Cryptography” using a secure data source is what we mean when we talk about encryption (keys). Decryption is the process of converting encrypted data into its original simple form using the same or another secure data source (key) [1]. This process is the opposite of encryption.

Quantum Computers: Google Calls For Urgent Switch To Quantum Safe Encryption As Us Delays

There are two distinct types of encryption methods: symmetric and asymmetric. In symmetric cryptography, the process of encrypting and decrypting data requires the use of only one key. The private key is used to implement this method. This requires the private key to be kept secret and shared with authorized senders and recipients. The symmetric encryption process is illustrated in Figure 1a. Asymmetric cryptography, also known as public key cryptography, uses key pairs for encryption and decryption. One of the keys in the key pair is the public key. The sender uses a public key for encryption, while the receiver uses a private key that only they know [2]. Figure 1b illustrates the operation of an asymmetric cryptographic system.

The use of quantum computers with their incredible computing power is rapidly becoming a reality [3]; it is no longer a dream. A computer based on the unique properties of quantum mechanics can perform calculations faster than a computer built from classical bits. In October 2019, Google announced the development of a quantum computer that can sample the output of pseudorandom quantum circuits ten times faster than today’s fastest supercomputers [4]. Recent developments in quantum computing threaten public key primacy due to the ability of quantum computers to solve complex cryptographic problems in polynomial time [5]. Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) refers to asymmetric encryption algorithms that can withstand attacks by quantum computers.

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is currently developing a new generation of quantum-resistant key encapsulation and authentication schemes [6] to combat this threat to critical Internet security protocols. like Transport Layer Security (TLS). TLS [7] is the most popular secure communication protocol for transmitting pages online, accessing encrypted email servers, and mobile applications. Most Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTPS) service connections use TLS [8]. TLS uses Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) or Elliptic Curve (EC) and Diffie-Hellman (DH) signatures with EC to exchange keys. It is important to plan for a transition to quantum-resistant schemes such as Secure Hash Algorithm-2 (SHA-2) and Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EC), which have not been adopted yet. ten years after standardization [9, 10], the coding method because adoption can take many years. It should be noted that increasing the SHA-2 hash size does not provide significant protection against quantum attacks. Larger hash sizes provide temporary mitigation against some attacks, but they are not a full remedy [11]. Quantum computers can break hash-based cryptographic schemes using algorithms specifically designed for quantum computing. To survive quantum computer attacks, well-designed algorithms and protocols must be applied. These methods often rely on mathematical problems that are difficult to solve for classical and quantum computers. We may be studying the impact of PQC on real-world performance, while NIST considers performance, security, and other factors when choosing algorithms to standardize. Therefore, TLS handshake performance is of great importance [12, 13].

Time Sensitive Quantum Key Distribution

Digital signatures and key exchange algorithms are required to generate a public key for both parties and verify its validity. Signature Algorithm (SIG) is used to authenticate the sender and Key Encapsulation Algorithm (KEM) is used for key exchange. Unlike previous studies that typically tested only NIST third-phase finalist PQC algorithms or a limited selection of methods, we tested the performance benefits of other combinations of the NIST phase four finalist PQC algorithm for two popular operating systems (OS). are Windows and Linux. This allows us to not only draw conclusions about how PQC affects daily usage, but also compare the performance of the PQC algorithm with the third and fourth round finalists. by NIST [14, 15].

The remainder of the study is organized as follows. Related works are presented in Section 2, highlighting the limitations of classical encryption algorithms and the need for PQC, along with the motivation for PQC. Section 3 provides a brief overview of the methodology used in this study to evaluate PQC algorithms such as McEliece and classical BIKE. Section 4 discusses the experimental results, including performance metrics such as packing time and packing time. Finally, Section 5 provides conclusions and recommendations for future research.

As the power of quantum computers increases in the near future, we need to consider how this will affect the security of the Internet. With the power of quantum computing, significant research is being done to solve complex problems used in modern cryptography, which is expected to have a significant impact on the security of cryptography. current code.

Entanglement Based Secure Quantum Cryptography Over 1,120 Kilometres

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